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Review on environmental policies in China: Evolvement, features, and evaluation

ZHANG Kunmin, WEN Zongguo, PENG Liying

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2008, Volume 2, Issue 2,   Pages 129-141 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0044-6

Abstract: This article reviews the development of current environmental policies in China and the great progress made during 1979–2006. Applying lessons learned from industrialized countries to its own situation, China’s environmental policies have the following main features: (1) to explore command and control measures to their fullest extent, (2) to strive to raise funding for environmental protection, (3) to identify who should take accountability for environmental protection; (4) to encourage strategies of “combination of prevention and control” and “integrated utilization”, (5) to embrace openness in the field of environmental policy and early international cooperation. During the past 30 years, China’s environmental policies have evolved and deepened: status expanded the national basic policies of environmental protection by adding a sustainable development strategy, focus changed from pollution control to a combination of pollution control and ecological protection, method changed from end control to source control, scope changed form point source control to watershed and territory pollution control, and management style changed from primarily using executive power to using legal and economic measures. This article introduces how they are evaluated by the international community and provides the prospects of the policies.

The Summarization of the Investigation on Coal Mine Fire Prevention & Fire Extinguishing Techniques in

Xian Xuefu,Wang Hongtu,Jiang Deyi,Liu Baoxian

Strategic Study of CAE 2001, Volume 3, Issue 12,   Pages 28-32

Abstract:

The Evolvement of the Investigation and application on coal mine fire prevention and fire-fightingExistent problems are analyzed in the investigation and application on coal mine fire prevention and

Keywords: mine fire     fire prevention & fire extinguishing techniques     exogenous fire     coal spontaneous combustion     evolvementof investigation    

On the environment evolvement of Jingjiang River Valley and the forming processes of Twain-Hu Plain Basin

Hu Dongsheng,Zhang Huajing,Xu Bing,Gou Qingmei,Yu Xuefeng,Tian Xinhong,Liu Weiguo,An Zhisheng,Zhang Guowei

Strategic Study of CAE 2010, Volume 12, Issue 1,   Pages 36-42

Abstract:

Based on the investigation data of region geology and the remote sensingnew global construct movement to surface processes, there are clarified the relation synchronously evolvementmechanism for the mountain -basin -plain -river -lake -rivulet's coupling system and the environment evolvement

Keywords: Valley of middle reaches of Yangtze River     Twain -Hu (Jianghan - Dongting) Plain     process of environment evolvement    

The Geochemistry and Mineralization Evolvement of Gejiu Tin Ore Deposits

Qin Dexian,Li Yingshu,Fan Zhuguo,Chen Aibing,Tan Shucheng,Hong Tuo,Li Lianju,Lin Xiaoping

Strategic Study of CAE 2006, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 30-39

Abstract:

It had been believed that the genesis of Gejiu tin deposits were granitic mineralization of Yanshanian epoch by most researchers for a long time. However, recently the authors obtain a great deal of information to indicate that the Gejiu tin deposits are occured as mineralization of many time periods and many sources, being divided as three metallogenic series namely the seabed basic volcano- metallogenic series, the seabed exhalative hydrothermal metallogenic series in the Indo-Chinese epoch and the granitic superimposed metallogenic series in the Yanshanian epoch. The metallogenic pattern may be summed up as “rift setting—the volcano-sedimentary metallogenises—the exhalative hydrothermal sedimentary metallogenises—the granit rebuild superimposed metallogenises”.The paper demonstrater the metallogenic viewpoint in terms of the trace rare earth element, stable isotopes and fluid inclusion.

Keywords: Gejiu tin deposits     geochemistry     stable isotopes     mineralization evolvement    

An investigation on modification mechanism of CH

Qiang XIN, Shanghong HUANG

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 3,   Pages 293-300 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0403-0

Abstract: Rising oil price has brought huge cost pressure for low grade highway construction, and it is urgent to find alternative resources. At the same time, there are nearly 50000–60000 tons of low temperature coal output in inner Mongolia region, China, which has high toxicity and high polluting. To make the low temperature coal be applicable for road constructions, the formaldehyde is used as cross linking agent, the concentrated sulfuric acid is used as catalyst, and the chemical modification of low temperature coal tar pitch in Inner Mongolia region is investigated. The road performance (softening point, penetration and ductility) of modified low temperature coal are tested. Results shown that the road performance of modified low temperature coal is increased significantly. Modification mechanism of low temperature coal is studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy and other analytical tools. Results show that, in the modified low temperature coal, resin content increases and the resin fiber diameter becomes larger with the increasing of formaldehyde content.

Keywords: low temperature     coal tar pitch     modification     road performance    

Multi-scale investigation of active failure for various modes of wall movement

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4,   Pages 961-979 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0738-4

Abstract: Retained backfill response to wall movement depends on factors that range from boundary conditions to the geometrical characteristic of individual particles. Hence, mechanical understanding of the problem warrants multi-scale analyses that investigate reciprocal relationships between macro and micro effects. Accordingly, this study attempts a multi-scale examination of failure evolution in cohesionless backfills. Therefore, the transition of retained backfills from at-rest condition to the active state is modeled using the discrete element method (DEM). DEM allows conducting virtual experiments, with which the variation of particle and boundary properties is straightforward. Hence, various modes of wall movement (translation and rotation) toward the active state are modeled using two different backfills with distinct particle shapes (spherical and nonspherical) under varying surcharge. For each model, cumulative rotations of single particles are tracked, and the results are used to analyze the evolution of shear bands and their geometric characteristics. Moreover, dependencies of lateral pressure coefficients and coordination numbers, as respective macro and micro behavior indicators, on particle shape, boundary conditions, and surcharge levels are investigated. Additionally, contact force networks are visually determined, and their influences on pressure distribution and deformation mechanisms are discussed with reference to the associated modes of wall movement and particle shapes.

Keywords: discrete-element modelling     granular materials     retaining walls     particle shape     arching    

The cavitation erosion damage process of dynamically loaded journal bearings

MA Yan-yan, CHENG Xian-hua

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2006, Volume 1, Issue 4,   Pages 461-464 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0059-2

Abstract: The strain history and damage evolvement of bearing material acted on by jet impact load can be calculated

Keywords: bearing     fraction increase     collapse     process     evolvement    

Analytical and numerical investigation into the longitudinal vibration of uniform nanotubes

Masoud MASOUMI,Mehdi MASOUMI

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2014, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 142-149 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0292-z

Abstract:

In recent years, prediction of the behaviors of micro and nanostructures is going to be a matter of increasing concern considering their developments and uses in various engineering fields. Since carbon nanotubes show the specific properties such as strength and special electrical behaviors, they have become the main subject in nanotechnology researches. On the grounds that the classical continuum theory cannot accurately predict the mechanical behavior of nanostructures, nonlocal elasticity theory is used to model the nanoscaled systems. In this paper, a nonlocal model for nanorods is developed, and it is used to model the carbon nanotubes with the aim of the investigating into their longitudinal vibration. Following the derivation of governing equation of nanorods and estimation of nondimensional frequencies, the effect of nonlocal parameter and the length of the nanotube on the obtained frequencies are studied. Furthermore, differential quadrature method, as a numerical solution technique, is used to study the effect of these parameters on estimated frequencies for both classical and nonlocal theories.

Keywords: continuum theory     differential quadrature method     nanorod     longitudinal vibration    

Molecular dynamics investigation of mechanical properties of single-layer phagraphene

Ali Hossein Nezhad SHIRAZI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 2,   Pages 495-503 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0492-4

Abstract: Phagraphene is a very attractive two-dimensional (2D) full carbon allotrope with very interesting mechanical, electronic, optical, and thermal properties. The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of this new graphene like 2D material. In this work, mechanical properties of phagraphene have been studied not only in the defect-free form, but also with the critical defect of line cracks, using the classical molecular dynamics simulations. Our study shows that the pristine phagraphene in zigzag direction experience a ductile behavior under uniaxial tensile loading and the nanosheet in this direction are less sensitive to temperature changes as compared to the armchair direction. We studied different crack lengths to explore the influence of defects on the mechanical properties of phagraphene. We also investigated the temperature effect on the mechanical properties of pristine and defective phagraphene. Our classical atomistic simulation results confirm that larger cracks can reduce the strength of the phagraphene. Moreover, it was shown the temperature has a considerable weakening effect on the tensile strength of phagraphene. The results of this study may be useful for the design of nano-devices using the phagraphene.

Keywords: phaqraphene     mechanical properties     crack propaqation     molecular dynamics     thermal effects    

Numerical investigation of aerodynamic performance influenced by circumferentially pre-swirling coming

WANG Qikun, CHEN Kangmin

Frontiers in Energy 2007, Volume 1, Issue 4,   Pages 435-440 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0063-5

Abstract: Numerical investigation is implemented on aerodynamic performance inside the crossover and de-swirling

Keywords: aerodynamic     investigation     centrifugal     de-swirling     circumferent    

Experimental investigation of the influence on static and cyclic deformation of structural soft clay

CHEN Yunmin, CHEN Yingping, HUANG Bo

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2007, Volume 1, Issue 4,   Pages 422-429 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0057-4

Abstract: This paper presents the experimental results performed to study the static and cyclic deformation behavior of undisturbed and remolded soft clays sampling from Xiaoshan. The consolidation tests indicated that the vertical strains of

Keywords: consolidation     deformation     experimental     undisturbed    

Numerical investigation of the effects of fuel spray type on the interaction of fuel spray and hot porous

ZHAO Zhiguo, XIE Maozhao

Frontiers in Energy 2008, Volume 2, Issue 1,   Pages 59-65 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0022-5

Abstract: The interaction between two types of fuel spray and a hot porous medium is studied numerically by using an improved version of KIVA-3V code. The improved KIVA-3V code is incorporated with an impingement model, a heat transfer model and a linearized instability sheet atomization (LISA) model to model the hollow cone spray. An evaporating fuel spray impingement on a hot plane surface was simulated under conditions of experiments performed by Senda to validate the reasonability of the KIVA-3V code. The numerical results conform well with experimental data for spray radius in the liquid and the vapor phases. Computational results on the interaction of two types of the fuel spray and the hot porous medium show that the fuel spray can be split, which provides conditions for quick evaporation of fuel droplets and mixing of fuel vapor with air. The possibility of fuel droplets from hollow cone spray crossing the porous medium reduces compared with that from solid cone spray, with the same initial kinetic energy of fuel droplets in both injection types.

Keywords: improved version     impingement     atomization     hollow     radius    

Experimental investigation on desiccant air-conditioning system in India

Vijay MITTAL, B. Kant KHAN,

Frontiers in Energy 2010, Volume 4, Issue 2,   Pages 161-165 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0070-5

Abstract: An experimental investigation in India was presented to evaluate the performance and energy saving capacity

Keywords: air ratios     ambient conditions     desiccant air-conditioning     silica gel    

An investigation into the vibration of harmonic drive systems

M. Masoumi, H. Alimohammadi

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2013, Volume 8, Issue 4,   Pages 409-419 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0275-5

Abstract:

Harmonic drive systems are precise and specific transmission gear systems which are beneficial in terms of the high transmission ratio and almost zero backlash. These inherent and spectacular properties result in using this mechanism in robotic and space sciences where the precision and lightwieght play an important role. This paper presents a vibration analysis of harmonic drive systems using the shell theory. Equations of vibration for the flexspline and the circular spline of the system are derived and used to find the natural frequencies for both parts and, moreover, vibration response of the system under the operating condition is calculated. Also, obtained vibration equations are utilized to study the effects of different involved parameters such as the geometry of the flexspline and its gear tooth, eccentricity, and unbalancing on the vibrational behavior of the system.

Keywords: harmonic drive system     strain wave gearing mechanism     vibration analysis     natural frequencies    

An investigation on prevalent strategies for XFEM-based numerical modeling of crack growth in porous

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4,   Pages 914-936 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0750-8

Abstract: Crack growth modeling has always been one of the major challenges in fracture mechanics. Among all numerical methods, the extended finite element method (XFEM) has recently attracted much attention due to its ability to estimate the discontinuous deformation field. However, XFEM modeling does not directly lead to reliable results, and choosing a strategy of implementation is inevitable, especially in porous media. In this study, two prevalent XFEM strategies are evaluated: a) applying reduced Young’s modulus to pores and b) using different partitions to the model and enriching each part individually. We mention the advantages and limitations of each strategy via both analytical and experimental validations. Finally, the crack growth is modeled in a natural porous media (Fontainebleau sandstone). Our investigations proved that although both strategies can identically predict the stress distribution in the sample, the first strategy simulates only the initial crack propagation, while the second strategy could model multiple cracks growths. Both strategies are reliable and highly accurate in calculating the stress intensity factor, but the second strategy can compute a more reliable reaction force. Experimental tests showed that the second strategy is a more accurate strategy in predicting the preferred crack growth path and determining the maximum strength of the sample.

Keywords: numerical modeling     extended finite element method     porous media     crack growth     stress intensity factor    

Title Author Date Type Operation

Review on environmental policies in China: Evolvement, features, and evaluation

ZHANG Kunmin, WEN Zongguo, PENG Liying

Journal Article

The Summarization of the Investigation on Coal Mine Fire Prevention & Fire Extinguishing Techniques in

Xian Xuefu,Wang Hongtu,Jiang Deyi,Liu Baoxian

Journal Article

On the environment evolvement of Jingjiang River Valley and the forming processes of Twain-Hu Plain Basin

Hu Dongsheng,Zhang Huajing,Xu Bing,Gou Qingmei,Yu Xuefeng,Tian Xinhong,Liu Weiguo,An Zhisheng,Zhang Guowei

Journal Article

The Geochemistry and Mineralization Evolvement of Gejiu Tin Ore Deposits

Qin Dexian,Li Yingshu,Fan Zhuguo,Chen Aibing,Tan Shucheng,Hong Tuo,Li Lianju,Lin Xiaoping

Journal Article

An investigation on modification mechanism of CH

Qiang XIN, Shanghong HUANG

Journal Article

Multi-scale investigation of active failure for various modes of wall movement

Journal Article

The cavitation erosion damage process of dynamically loaded journal bearings

MA Yan-yan, CHENG Xian-hua

Journal Article

Analytical and numerical investigation into the longitudinal vibration of uniform nanotubes

Masoud MASOUMI,Mehdi MASOUMI

Journal Article

Molecular dynamics investigation of mechanical properties of single-layer phagraphene

Ali Hossein Nezhad SHIRAZI

Journal Article

Numerical investigation of aerodynamic performance influenced by circumferentially pre-swirling coming

WANG Qikun, CHEN Kangmin

Journal Article

Experimental investigation of the influence on static and cyclic deformation of structural soft clay

CHEN Yunmin, CHEN Yingping, HUANG Bo

Journal Article

Numerical investigation of the effects of fuel spray type on the interaction of fuel spray and hot porous

ZHAO Zhiguo, XIE Maozhao

Journal Article

Experimental investigation on desiccant air-conditioning system in India

Vijay MITTAL, B. Kant KHAN,

Journal Article

An investigation into the vibration of harmonic drive systems

M. Masoumi, H. Alimohammadi

Journal Article

An investigation on prevalent strategies for XFEM-based numerical modeling of crack growth in porous

Journal Article